What is Fluorine atom?

     

Fluorine is a chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9.  It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions.  As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive, as it reacts with all other elements, except for argon, neon, and helium. 

     Among the elements, fluorine ranks 24th in universal abundance and 13th in terrestrial abundance.  Fluorite, the primary mineral source of fluorine which gave the element its name, was first described in 1529; as it was added to metal ores to lower their melting points for smelting, the Latin verb fluo meaning "flow" gave the mineral its name.  Proposed as an element in 1810, fluorine proved difficult and dangerous to separate form its compounds, and several early experimenters died or sustained injuries from their attempts.  Only in 1886 did French chemist Henri Moissan isolate elemental fluorine using low-temperature electrolysis, a process still employed for modern production.  Industrial production of fluorine gas for uranium enrichment, its largest application began during the Manhattan project in world war 2.

     Fluorocarbon gases are generally greenhouse gases with global-warming potentials 100 to 23,500 times that of carbon dioxide, SF6 having the highest global warming potential of any known substance.  Organofluorine compounds often persist in the environment due to the strength of the carbon-fluorine bond.  Fluorine has no known metabolic role in mammals; a few plants and sea sponges synthesize organofluorine poisons ( Most often monofluoroacetates) that help deter predation.