Write about Neodymium atom?

   

  Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60.  Neodymium belongs to the lanthanide series and is a rare-earth element.  It is a hard, slightly malleable silvery metal that quickly tarnishes in air and moisture. When oxidized, neodymium reacts quickly to produce pink, purple/blue and yellow compounds in the +2,+3 and +4 oxidation states.  Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.  It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnasite.

     Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use.  Although neodymium is classed as a rare-earth element, it is usually refined for general use.  Although neodymium is classed as a rare-earth  element it is fairly common, no rarer than cobalt, nickel, or copper, and is widely distributed in the Earth's crust.  Most of the world's commercial neodymium is mined in China.

     Neodymium compounds were first commercially used as glass dyes in 1927, and they remain a popular additive in glasses.  The color of neodymium compounds is due to the Nd3+ ion and is often a reddish-purple, but it changes with the type sharp light absorption bands of neodymium with ambient light enriched with the sharp visible emission bands of mercury, trivalent europium or terbium.

     Another important use of neodymium is as a component in the alloys used to make high-strength neodymium magnets-powerful permanent magnets.  These magnets widely used in such products as microphones, professional loudspeakers, in-ear headphones, high performance hobby DC electric motors, and computer hard disks, where low magnet mass or strong magnetic fields are required.